Performance of cactus pear at two geographical locations in Indian arid zone

Abstract

Twenty cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) genotypes were introduced in India to assess its suitability and performance at two geographical locations i.e., Jodhpur, Rajasthan (26°18’N:73°04’E, 216 m MSL) and Kutch- Bhuj, Gujarat (23°21’N:69°77’E, 15 m MSL) for survival and growth. The cladodes were planted in the potting mixture of soil and compost (6:1) with initial moisture regulated at 7-9% to prevent rotting. The rooted plants were transplanted in the field at 2 × 3 m spacing. Mortality due to bacterial rot ranged from 50 to 100 per cent at Jodhpur. The highest plant survival in the field after one year of planting was recorded in genotypes RojaxRoja- 4-Pianta-25 and ARL spineless (50%) followed by 33.33% each in genotypes Bianco Macomer, Roja Castel Sardo, Gymnocarpe and clone No. 1270. Absolute mortality occurred in varieties Roja San Cono, Clone No.1287, Giall × Giall, Trunzara Red San Cono, A. Giant, Lyria and Militelo White. In contrast, better survival per cent (20-90%) was observed at Bhuj in different accessions. However, the performance and survival in pots under shade net house was almost 100% at both the locations but the growth was better at Bhuj as compared to Jodhpur. The establishment and growth of cactus pear was affected at Jodhpur due to high temperature coupled with low relative humidity (27.81-58.39%, 10 years mean). The coastal areas of Kutch-Bhuj have comparatively higher relative humidity (44-76%) favoured better growth of cactus. Based on this study, it can be inferred that Kutch- Bhuj region is comparatively better location for growing cactus pear.