Multivariate analysis to identify drought responsive morpho-physiological traits in standard chrysanthemum genotypes

Downloads

Published

2025-09-30

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.3.4

Keywords:

Drought stress, multivariate analysis, morpho-physiological traits, total chlorophyll, PCA.
Dimensions Badge

Issue

Vol. 82 No. 03 (2025): Indian Journal of Horticulture

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Namita ., Bibin Poulose, Gunjeet Kumar, Sapna Panwar, Kanwar P. Singh, Sudhir Kumar, Amitha Mithra Sevanthi, Gopala Krishnan S.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors

  • Namita a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:86:"Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute";}
  • Bibin Poulose Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi
  • Gunjeet Kumar Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
  • Sapna Panwar Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
  • Kanwar P. Singh Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
  • Sudhir Kumar Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
  • Amitha Mithra Sevanthi Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
  • Gopala Krishnan S. Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012

Abstract

Chrysanthemum is a major flower crop grown globally for its use as cut flowers, potted plants and landscape decoration. It is highly susceptible to drought; hence, it is necessary to identify the drought responsive key traits in chrysanthemum. In this study, 14 standard chrysanthemum genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance under hydroponics and pot culture in three replications of a completely randomised design (CRD).  The seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress with 10% PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). In pot culture, a drought stress of -60 kPa was applied for seven days during the vegetative growth and flower bud initiation stages. R statistical analysis was performed (PCA analysis, R2.15.1 by R Development Core Team) to evaluate several morphological and physiological traits. In hydroponics and pot culture drought conditions, RWC, MSI, and yield were highly correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, chlorophyll fluorescence, stem girth, flower yield, and biomass. As a result, these traits can be considered useful selection indicators for drought tolerance. According to PCA, the traits chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, RWC, and chlorophyll fluorescence were the most crucial traits that involved in genotype variability under stress contributing significantly to PC1 in pots and hydroponics. In hydroponics and pot culture, the variability was categorized into three and five principal components, respectively. These results offered useful information for chrysanthemum breeders aiming to select and improve drought tolerance through targeted selection and marker-assisted breeding strategies.

How to Cite

Namita, Poulose, B., Gunjeet Kumar, Sapna Panwar, Kanwar P. Singh, Sudhir Kumar, … Gopala Krishnan S. (2025). Multivariate analysis to identify drought responsive morpho-physiological traits in standard chrysanthemum genotypes. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 82(03), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.3.4

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Ahmed, H.G.M., Khan, A.S., Kashif, M. and Khan, S.H. 2017. Genetic mechanism of leaf venation and stomatal traits for breeding drought tolerant lines in wheat. Bangladesh J. Bot. 46: 35–41.

2. Ahmed, K., Shabbir, G. and Ahmed, M. 2025. Exploring drought tolerance for germination traits of diverse wheat genotypes at seedling stage: a multivariate analysis approach. BMC Plant Biol. 25(1):390. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025- 06345-9.

3. Arnon, J.D. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. PlantPhysiol. 24: 1-15

4. Barrs., H.D. and Weatherley, P.E. 1962. A reexamination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficit in leaves. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 15: 413-428.

5. Dahiya, P., Kour, K., Bakshi, P., Kour, S., Singh, D. B. and Bhushan, B. 2022. Correlation and path analysis using growth, flowering, fruiting and biochemical parameters in cape gooseberry. Indian J. Hortic. 79: 145-150.

6. Dey, D., Tanaka, R. and Ito, H. 2023. Structural Characterization of the Chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) enzyme through an in silico approach. J. Mol.Evol. 91(2): 225-235.

7. Ghasemi, M., Arzani, K., Yadollahi, A., Ghasemi, S. and Khorrami, S. 2011. Estimate of leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content in Asian pear 282 (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) by CCM-200. Not. Sci. Biol. 3: 91–94.

8. Greenacre, M., Groenen, P. J., Hastie, T., d’Enza, A. I., Markos, A. and Tuzhilina, E. 2022. Principal component analysis. Nat. Rev. Methods Primers. 2(1): 100. doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00184-w.

9. Guo, C., Liu, L., Sun, H., Wang, N., Zhang, K., Zhang, Y. and Li, C. 2022. Predicting F v/F m and evaluating cotton drought tolerance using hyperspectral and 1D-CNN. Front. Plant Sci. 13: doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007150. 10. Hiscox, J.D. and Israelstam G.F.1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 1332– 1334.

11. Jolliffe, I. T. and Cadima, J. 2016. Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philos. Transact. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 374(2065): 20150202. doi: 10.1098/ rsta.2015.0202.

12. Joshi, R. K., Bharat, S. S. and Mishra, R. 2020. Engineering drought tolerance in plants through CRISPR/Cas genome editing. 3 Biotech, 10(9): 400. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02390-3.

13. Lashbrooke, J.G., Young, P.R., Dockrall, S.J., Vasanth, K. and Vivier, M.A. 2013. Functional characterisation of three members of the Vitis vinifera L. carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene family. BMC Plant Biol. 13: 1-17.

14. Marcum, K.B., Anderson, S.J. and Engelke, M.C .1998. Salt gland ion secretion: a salinity tolerance mechanism among five zoysia grass species. Crop Sci. 38: 1414.

15. Muhammad, M., Waheed, A., Wahab, A., Majeed, M., Nazim, M., Liu, Y. H. and Li, W. J. 2024. Soil salinity and drought tolerance: An evaluation of plant growth, productivity, microbial diversity, and amelioration strategies. Plant Stress. 11: 100319. doi:10.1016/j.stress.2023.100319.

16. Poulose, B., Paliwal, A., Bohra, M., Punetha, P., Bahuguna, P. and Namita, N. 2020. Character association and path analysis of quantitative traits among marigold (Tagetes sp.) genotypes. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 90: 122-128.

17. Singh, S.K., Reddy, V.R., Fleisher, D.H. and Timlin, D.J. 2017. Relationship between photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean under varying phosphorus nutrition at ambient and elevated CO2. Photosynthetica. 55: 421-433.

18. Strzałka, K., Kostecka-Gugała, A. and Latowski, D. 2003. Carotenoids and environmental stress in plants: significance of carotenoid-mediated modulation of membrane physical properties. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 50: 168-173.

19. Ullas P, S., Namita, Singh, K. P., Panwar, S., Kundu, A., S, G. K. and Kumar, G. 2018. Influence of drying techniques on retention of anthocyanin and their antioxidant activities in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) flowers. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 88(2): 228-233.

20. Ullas P, S., Namita, Singh, K. P., Panwar, S., Kundu, A., S, G. K. and Kumar, G. 2018. Profiling of carotenoid pigments and their antioxidant activities in ray florets of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum× morifolium). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 88(3): 393-399.

21. Yang, X., Lu, M., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Z. and Chen, S. 2021. Response mechanism of plants to drought stress. Horticulturae, 7(3): 50. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae7030050

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.