Influence of organic manures and bio fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of holy basil

Downloads

Published

2025-12-31

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.4.12

Keywords:

Azotobacter, essential oil, farm yard manure, holy basil, vermicompost
Dimensions Badge

Issue

Vol. 82 No. 04 (2025): Indian Journal of Horticulture

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Nilanjan Nilanjan Biswas, Trinayanee Sharma, Soumik Samanta, Narendra Nath Hansda, Narayan Chattopadhyay

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors

  • Nilanjan Nilanjan Biswas Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
  • Trinayanee Sharma Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
  • Soumik Samanta Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
  • Narendra Nath Hansda Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
  • Narayan Chattopadhyay Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India

Abstract

Organic nutrient inputs combined with beneficial microbes offer sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilizers in Tulsi (Ocimum spp.) cultivation, yet field evidence from the eastern Indian alluvial zone remains limited. A two-season trial (early summer 2022–2024) was conducted at the Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, on loamy sand soil (pH 6.8) with moderate NPK levels. Seven combinations of vermicompost, farmyard manure (FYM), and mustard cake (MC) with Azotobacter and phosphate-solubilising bacteria (PSB) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. At 180 and 360 days after planting, treatments significantly outperformed the control in growth, herbage yield, essential oil content, and phytochemicals. T3 (MC 1.5 t ha-¹ + Azotobacter) recorded the highest plant height (86.47 cm), while T4 (vermicompost 5 t ha-¹ + PSB) yielded the maximum fresh herbage (23.59 t ha-¹) and eugenol content (8.04%). T2 (FYM 15 t ha-¹ + Azotobacter) produced the highest essential oil yield (75.58 kg ha-¹). T6 (MC + PSB) enhanced methyl eugenol (7.21%) and β-elemene (0.74%). Strong correlations (r = 0.98–1.00) between early-season traits and final output highlight predictive value. Results suggest integrating moderate-to-high organic inputs with biofertilizers can enhance Tulsi biomass and tailor essential oil quality.

How to Cite

Nilanjan Biswas, N., Sharma, T., Samanta, S., Hansda, N. N., & Chattopadhyay, N. (2025). Influence of organic manures and bio fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of holy basil. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 82(04), 459–464. https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.4.12

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Abdollahi, M. B., Eyvazpour, E. and Ghadimzadeh, M. 2017. The effect of drought stress on the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and essential oil components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Phytochemistry, 139: 1-7.

2. Ahamad, S., Sagar, V. R., Asrey, R., Islam, S., Tomar, B. S., Vinod, B. R. and Kumar, A. 2024. Nutritional retention and browning minimization in dehydrated onion slices through potassium metabisulphite and sodium chloride pretreatments. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 59(8): 5794-5805.

3. Ahamad, S., Asrey, R., Menaka, M., Vinod, B. R., Kumar, D. and Balubhai, T. P. 2025. 24-Epibrassinolide treatment boosts bioactive compound preservation, delays softening and extends shelf life of cherry tomatoes during storage. Food Chem, 145051.

4. Ajjan, N., Raveendaran, N., Rajamani, K., Indumathi, V.M. and Vennila, A.R. 2009. Economics of cultivation and marketing of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) in Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Arecanut Spices Med. Plants, 11: 52-59

5. Dakshayani, L., Merchant, N., Smitha, S., Surendra, G., Reddy, T.G., Mamatha, D., Deepthi, G., Ramana, D.V., Chandrasekhar, T and Reddy, M.C. 2021. Holy Basil: A potential herbal source for therapeutic applications. Curr. Trends Biotechnol. Pharm., 15(1): 87-100.

6. Farooque, A. M., Karim, Md. R., Hoque, Md. M. and Hasan, M.2024. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of tomato. IUBAT Rev., 7(1): 45-61.

7. Gang, D.R., Wang,J., Dudareva,N., Nam, K.H., Simon J.E., Lewinsohn, E., Pichersky, E. 2001. An investigation of the storage and biosynthesis of phenyl propenes in sweet basil, Plant Physiol., 125(2): 539-55.

8. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez., A.A. 1894. Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd edition). A wiley International Science publication, New York. Pp: 20-30.

9. Gunda, V., Padma, M., Rajkumar, B.M., Cheena, J., Vijaya, D. and Chary, D. S. 2022. Yield and quality of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by organic manures at Telanagana. Pharma Innov. J., 11(12): 2532-37.

10. Gupta, M.L., Khaliq, A., Pandey, R., Shukla, R. S., Singh, H. N. and Kumar, S. 2000. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Ocimum spp., . Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 7: 57-63.

11. Harishkumar, J.M., Karishmaa, C., Meenaloshini, N., Nagavalli, K., Pavithra, P. Sowbejan, A., Aruna, S.J and Theradimani, M. 2019. Effect of biofertilizers and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum). International Int.J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 8(6): 1316-26.

12. Hepşen, T. F. Ş. 2024. Vermicompost effects on soil chemistry and biology: correlations with basil’s (Ocimum basilicum L.) total phenolic content and phenological traits. Black Sea J. Agric.,7(5): 437-450.

13. Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M. and Haghighi, M. 2004. The abilities and potentials of medicinal plants production and herbal medicine in Iran. VIII International People-Plant Symposium on Exploring Therapeutic Powers of Flowers, Greenery and Nature 790: 259-262.

14. Oliveira, R. C. d., Alves, M. F., Luz, J. M. Q., Blank, A. F., Nizio, D. A. d. C., Nogueira, P.C.d.L., Silva, S. M., and Castoldi, R. 2025. Organo mineral fertilizer improves Ocimum basilicum yield and essential oil. Plants, 14(7): 997.

15. Onofrei, V., Burducea, M., Lobiuc, A., Teliban, G. C., Ranghiuc, G. and Robu, T. 2017. Influence of organic foliar fertilization on antioxidant activity and content of polyphenols in Ocimum basilicum L. Acta Pol. Pharm., 74(2): 611–615.

16. Xie, Z., Kapteyn, J. and Gang, D. R. 2008. A systems biology investigation of the MEP/terpenoid and shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathways points to multiple levels of metabolic control in sweet basil glandular trichomes. Plant J., 54(3): 349–361.

17. Zheljazkov, V. D., Cantrell, C. L., Ebelhar, M. W., Rowe, D. E. and Coker, C. 2008. Productivity, oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil as a function of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization. Hort Science, 43(5): 1415-1422.

Similar Articles

<< < 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)