Effects of spray freeze drying and pulsed electric fields on fenugreek seed extract properties

Downloads

Published

2025-09-30

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.3.17

Keywords:

Pulsed electric field, spray freeze drying, encapsulation, gum acacia, plant extracts
Dimensions Badge

Issue

Vol. 82 No. 03 (2025): Indian Journal of Horticulture

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Butti Prabhakar, Raghupatruni Venkateswara Prasad

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors

  • Butti Prabhakar College of Food Processing Technology & Bioenergy, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat-388110
  • Raghupatruni Venkateswara Prasad College of Food Processing Technology & Bioenergy, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, 388110, India

Abstract

Plant extracts are increasingly recognized for their potential health benefits, creating a growing demand for efficient extraction and preservation methods. In this study, a pulsed electric field (PEF) system was applied to maximize the extraction of plant bioactives, followed by encapsulation using spray freeze drying (SFD), a novel preservation technique. Among solvents tested, ethanol yielded the highest extract recovery (166.66 mg GAE/g), whereas methanol (sample-to-solvent ratio 1:10) resulted in the highest total polyphenol content. In the encapsulation process, gum acacia (GUA) at a 1:6 extract-to-binder ratio with a 30-hour lyophilization period produced powders with the lowest moisture content (3.9% w.b.), and SFD particles exhibited an average size of 9.0 μm. Furthermore, GUA as a binder and guar gum at a 20-hour lyophilization period achieved the highest polyphenol encapsulation efficiency. These findings highlight PEF-assisted extraction combined with SFD encapsulation as a cost-effective and efficient strategy for industrial-scale preservation of plant bioactives.

How to Cite

Prabhakar, B., & Prasad, R. V. (2025). Effects of spray freeze drying and pulsed electric fields on fenugreek seed extract properties. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 82(03), 361–367. https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.3.17

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Mazicioglu, M.M. 2020. Phytotherapy: An alternative way of treating diseases on scientific basis. Opsta Med. 26: 96-104.

2. Siddeeg, A., Faisal Manzoor, M., Haseeb Ahmad, M., Ahmad, N., Ahmed, Z., Kashif Iqbal Khan, M., Aslam Maan, A., Zeng, X.A. and Ammar, A.F. 2019. Pulsed electric fieldassisted ethanolic extraction of date palm fruits: Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties. Proc. 7: 585.

3. Arshad, R.N., Abdul-Malek, Z., Roobab, U., Munir, M.A., Naderipour, A., Qureshi, M.I., Bekhit, A.E.D., Liu, Z.W. and Aadil, R.M. 2021. Pulsed electric field: A potential alternative towards a sustainable food processing. Trends Food Sci. & Technol. 111: 43-54.

4. Zhang, R., Ding, F., Zhang, Y., Zhou, C., Zhang, W., Shi, J., Zou, X. and Xiao, J. 2022. Freezing characteristics and relative permittivity of rice flour gel in pulsed electric field assisted freezing. Food Chem. 373: 131449.

5. Carneiro, H.C., Tonon, R.V., Grosso, C.R. and Hubinger, M.D. 2013. Encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of flaxseed oil microencapsulated by spray drying using different combinations of wall materials. J. Food Eng. 115: 443-451.

6. Mumenthaler, M. and Leuenberger, H. 1991. Atmospheric spray-freeze drying: a suitable alternative in freeze-drying technology. Int. J. Pharma. 72:97-110.

7. Chai, J., Jiang, P., Wang, P., Jiang, Y., Li, D., Bao, W., Liu, B., Liu, B., Zhao, L., Norde, W. and Yuan, Q. 2018. The intelligent delivery systems for bioactive compounds in foods: Physicochemical and physiological conditions, absorption mechanisms, obstacles and responsive strategies. Trends in Food Sci. & Technol. 78: 144-154.

8. Christie, W.W., Brechany, E.Y., Stefanov, K. and Popov, S. 1992. The fatty acids of the sponge Dysidea fragilis from the black sea. Lipids, 27: 640-644.

9. Nakpanich, N., Chaiyana, W. and Leelapornpisid, P. 2017. Antioxidant activities and stability of seed kernel extracts from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivated in Northern Thailand. Chiang Mai J. Sci, 44: 573-583.

10. Ishwarya, S.P., Anandharamakrishnan, C. and Stapley, A.G. 2015. Spray-freeze-drying: A novel process for the drying of foods and bioproducts. Trends Food Sci. & Technol. 41: 161-181.

11. AC, A. 1990. Association of official analytical chemists. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International.

12. Jafari, S.M., Assadpoor, E., He, Y. and Bhandari, B. 2008. Encapsulation efficiency of food flavours and oils during spray drying. Dry. Technol. 26: 816-835.

13. Asif-Ul-Alam, S.M., Islam, M.Z., Hoque, M.M. and Monalisa, K. 2014. Effects of drying on the physicochemical and functional properties of green banana (Musa sapientum) flour and development of baked product. Am. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2: 128-133.

14. Jinapong, N., Suphantharika, M. and Jamnong, P. 2008. Production of instant soymilk powders by ultrafiltration, spray drying and fluidized bed agglomeration. J. Food Eng. 84: 194-205.

15. Puertolas, E., Cregenzán, O., Luengo, E., Alvarez, I. and Raso, J. 2013. Pulsed-electric-field-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from purple-fleshed potato. Food Chem. 136: 1330-1336.

16. Goettel, M., Eing, C., Gusbeth, C., Straessner, R. and Frey, W. 2013. Pulsed electric field assisted extraction of intracellular valuables from microalgae. Algal Res. 2:401-408.

17. El Kantar, S., Boussetta, N., Lebovka, N., Foucart, F., Rajha, H.N., Maroun, R.G., Louka, N. and Vorobiev, E. 2018. Pulsed electric field treatment of citrus fruits: Improvement of juice and polyphenols extraction. Inno. Food Sci. & Emer Technol. 46:153-161.

18. Einarsdottir, R., Þorarinsdottir, K.A., Aoalbjornsson, B.V., Guomundsson, M., Marteinsdottir, G. and Kristbergsson, K. 2021. The effect of pulsed electric field-assisted treatment parameters on crude aqueous extraction of Laminaria digitata. J. Applied Phyco. 33: 3287- 3296.

19. Liu, Y.J., Lai, Y.J., Wang, R., Lo, Y.C. and Chiu, C.H. 2020. The Effect of Thermal Processing on the Saponin Profiles of Momordica charantia L. J. Food Quality, 2020: 8862020.

20. Maa, Y.F., Nguyen, P.A., Sweeney, T., Shire, S.J. and Hsu, C.C. 1999. Protein inhalation powders: spray drying vs spray freeze drying. Pharma. Res. 16: 249-254.

21. Parthasarathi, S. and Anandharamakrishnan, C. 2016. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of vitamin E by spray-freeze drying of whey protein microcapsules. Food and Bio. Proc. 100: 469- 476.

22. Costantino, H.R., Firouzabadian, L., Hogeland, K., Wu, C., Beganski, C., Carrasquillo, K.G., Cordova, M., Griebenow, K., Zale, S.E. and Tracy, M.A. 2000. Protein spray-freeze drying. Effect of atomization conditions on particle size and stability. Pharma. Res. 17:1374-1382.

23. Kumar, L.R., Chatterjee, N.S., Tejpal, C.S., Vishnu, K.V., Anas, K.K., Asha, K.K., Anandan, R. and Mathew, S. 2017. Evaluation of chitosan as a wall material for microencapsulation of squalene by spray drying: Characterization and oxidative stability studies. Int. J. Bio. Macro. 104: 1986-1995.

24. Kalita, D., Saikia, S., Gautam, G., Mukhopadhyay, R. and Mahanta, C.L. 2018. Characteristics of synbiotic spray dried powder of litchi juice with Lactobacillus plantarum and different carrier materials. LWT, 87: 351-360.

Similar Articles

<< < 83 84 85 86 87 88 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.