Effect of salinity on gas exchange parameters and ionic relations in bael (Aegle marmelos Correa)
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Aegle marmelos Correa, gas exchange, salt stress, sodium uptakeIssue
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Salt stressed bael cultivars showed marginal scorch, necrosis and abscission of leaves under both moderate (6.5 dS m-1) and high (10.7 dS m-1) salinity but control plants (1.3 dS m-1) did not exhibit these injury symptoms. While cvs NB-5 and CB-1 showed delayed onset and gradual progression of the stress symptoms, while NB-9 and CB-2 were worst affected and exhibited severe marginal scorch and necrosis in over 70% of the leaves in saline soils. At high salinity, NB-9 and CB-1 plants did not survive. Salt stress significantly (p≤0.05) reduced gas exchange and 6.5 dS m-1 salinity caused 28-32% decline in net photosynthesis and 29-39% reduction in transpiration rate in all cultivars relative to control. Although Na+ accumulation significantly increased in salt treated plants, cultivar NB-5 exhibited relatively similar distribution of Na+ ions in different plant parts and also maintained higher K+ concentrations in aerial parts. In spite of significantly high leaf Na+ (0.29%) at 6.5 dS m-1 salinity, cultivar NB-5 did not exhibit severe injury symptoms. Although CB-1 cultivar showed the tendency to retain Na+ ions in stem and root tissues, it failed to avoid the injury symptoms. Calcium was acquired in high amounts by salinized NB-5 plants as compared to others. Restricted Na+ uptake and preferential K+ accumulation seemed to contribute to alleviate the salt stress in cultivar NB-5.Abstract
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Anjum, M.A. 2008. Effect of NaCl concentrations in irrigation water on growth and polyamine metabolism in two citrus rootstocks with different levels of salinity tolerance. Acta Physiol. Planta. : 43-52. Awasthi, O.P., Dubey, A.K., Sharma, V.K., Prakash, J., Goswami, A.K. and Sharma, R.M. Saline irrigation induced changes in growth, physiology and ionic relations in Kinnow budded on Jatti khatti and Sohsarkar. Indian J. Hort. 72: 313-18. Chartzoulakis, K.S. 2005. Salinity and olive: growth, salt tolerance, photosynthesis and yield. Agric. Water Manag. 78: 108-21. Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: Regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot. 103: 551-60. Garcıa-Sánchez, F., Jifon, J.L., Carvajal, M. and ́ Syvertsen, J.P. 2002. Gas exchange, chlorophyll and nutrient contents in relation to Na+ and Claccumulation in ‘Sunburst’ mandarin grafted on different rootstocks. Plant Sci. 162: 705-12. López-Climent, M.F., Arbona, V., PérezClemente, R.M. and Gómez-Cadenas, A. Relationship between salt tolerance and photosynthetic machinery performance in citrus. Env. Exp. Bot. 62: 176-84. Sharma, D.K. and Singh, A. 2015. Salinity research in India-achievements, challenges and future prospects. Water Energ. Int. 58: 35-45. Singh, A., Prakash, J., Srivastav, M., Singh, S.K., Awasthi, O.P., Singh, A.K., Chaudhari, S. K. and Sharma, D.K. 2014. Physiological and biochemical responses of citrus rootstocks under salinity stress. Indian J. Hort. 71: 162-67. Singh, A., Sharma, P.C., Kumar, A., Meena, M.D. and Sharma, D.K. 2015. Salinity induced changes in chlorophyll pigments and ionic relations in bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) cultivars. J. Soil Sal. Water Qual. 7: 40-44.
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