Influence of phosphorous and potassium nutrition on growth, yield and fruit quality of Gala Mast apple
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Malus × domestica Borkh, fertilizer doses, high density planting, MM 106Issue
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The present study was conducted in the experimental field of the Division of Fruit Science, SKUASTKashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir, India) on four-year-old Gala Mast apple grafted on MM106 rootstock under high-density plantation (3m × 3m) to standardize the optimum dose of phosphorous and potassium. Sixteen treatment combinations of four levels of phosphorous (25 g, 50 g, 75 g, and 100 g/ tree) and potassium (150 g, 200 g, 250 g, and 300 g/tree) were tested. As a result, the maximum increase in tree height (55.89 cm), tree circumference (2.31 cm), annual shoot extension (47.13 cm), leaf area (42.00 cm2 ), fruit length (6.52 cm), fruit diameter (7.31 cm), fruit weight (168.26 g), fruit volume (185.48 cm3 ), yield (6.85 kg/tree), total soluble solids (15.85°B), total sugars (13.17 %), ascorbic acid (5.89 mg/100 g), and anthocyanin content (9.27 mg/100 g) were observed with the application of phosphorous @ 100 g + potassium @ 300 g. Highest fruit firmness (9.81 kg/cm2 ) was recorded when phosphorous @ 100 g + potassium @ 150 g was applied. In contrast, minimum acidity (0.197 %) and maximum TSS/acid (76.47) ratio were recorded by using phosphorous @ 25 g + potassium @ 300 g. Therefore, it can be concluded that phosphorous @ 100 g/tree in combination with potassium @ 300 g/tree proved most economical and effective in improving apple cv's growth, yield, and quality.Abstract
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Anjum, R., Kirmani, N.A., Nageena, N. and Sameera, S. 2008. Quality of apple cv. Red Delicious as influenced by potassium. Asian J. Soil Sci. 3: 227-29. Anonymous. 2019. Area and Production of Major Horticultural Crops in Jammu and Kashmir for year 2018-19. Directorate of Horticulture, Kashmir. Pp 1-2. AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. (15th edn.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. Brunetto, G., Bastos-de-Melo, G.W., Toselli, M. Quartieri, M. and Tagliavini, M. 2015. The role of mineral nutrition on yields and fruit quality in grapevine, pear and apple. Rev. Brasil. de Fruti. : 1089-104 Dilmaghani, M. R., Malakouti, M. J., Neilsen, G. H. and Fallahi, E. 2005. Interactive effects of potassium and calcium on K/Ca ratio and its consequences on apple fruit quality in calcareous soils of Iran. J. Plant Nutri. 27: 1149- Goswami, A.K., Prakash, J. and Singh, A.K. High density planting system in tropical fruits. HortFlora Res. Spect. 3: 298-300. Jain, V.K. 2014. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology. 7th Edn.. S. Chand and Company Private Limited, New Delhi. Kaack, K. and Pedersen, H.L. 2014. Effect of potassium, phosphorous and nitrogen fertilization on endogenous ethylene and quality characteristics of apples (Malus domestica L.). J. Plant Nutri. 37: 1148-55. Kaur, H. and Dhillon, W.S. 2007. Manual Laboratory Techniques in Horticulture. Department of Horticulture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana pp. 26. Lambers, H., Shane, M.W., Cramer, M.D., Pearse, S.J. and Veneklaas, E.J. 2006. Root structure and functioning for efficient acquisition of phosphorus: Matching morphological and physiological traits. Ann. Bot. 98: 693–13 Nachtigall, G.R. and Dechen, A.R. 2006. Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees. Sci. Agric. 63: 493-501 Nava, G. and Dechen, A.R. 2009. Long-term annual fertilization with nitrogen and potassium affect yield and mineral composition of ‘Fuji’ apple. Sci. Agric. 66: 377-85. Neilsen, D. and Neilsen, G. 2009. Nutritional effects on fruit quality for apple trees. New York Fruit Quart. 17: 21-24. Raese, J.T. 1998. Response of apple and pear trees to phosphate fertilization: A compendium. Communi. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 29: 1799–821. Ragel, P., Raddatz, N., Leidi, E.O., Quintero, F.J. and Pardo, J.M. 2019. Regulation of K+ nutrition in plants. Front. Plant Sci. 10: 1-21 Sharma, V.K., Tiwari, R. and Chouhan, P. 2014. Effect of N, P and their interaction on physicochemical parameters of guava (Psidium guajava) cv. L-49 under Malwa plateau conditions. Internat. J. Sci. Res. Publ. 4: 1-4 Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. 1994. Statistical methods. English edition. First EastWest Press edition, New Delhi. p503. Wojcik, P. and Wojcik, M. 2007. Response of mature phosphorous deficient apple trees to phosphorous fertilization and liming. J. Plant Nutri. 30: 1623-37.
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