Morphological characterization of floral traits to predict ideal stage for haploid production in bell pepper
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Sweet pepper, anther culture, haploid productionIssue
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Double haploid (DH) breeding helps shorten the breeding cycle and fastens the release of homozygous inbred lines with superior and desirable traits. In vitro microspore culture is the fastest approach for producing haploid plantlets. The critical parameter for the success of haploid production in any crop species is the stage of microspore or pollens at the time of culture as it decides the fate of cultured anthers/pollens. Therefore an easy, precise, fast, and reliable criterion to identify flower buds carrying microspores or pollen at particular stages is essential. In the present investigation, we developed the easiest and most accurate criterion to correlate visible, measurable traits of bud and anther development with individual stages of microsporogenesis in two sweet pepper F1 hybrids (Orobelle and Bomby). Anthers containing microspores at the late uninucleate to the early binucleate stage are optimal for the induction of androgenesis in a wide range of crop species. Anther containing uninucleate pollens were observed in flower buds with an average size of 5.39 mm in Orobelle and 4.8 mm in Bomby, an average anther length of 2.75 mm in Orobelle, and 2.71 mm in Bomby, and corolla was slightly longer than that of the calyx in both the hybrids. Anthers had no purple pigmentation in Orobelle and slight /no pigmentation at the top of the anther sac end in Bomby.Abstract
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Adhikari, P.B. and Kang, W.H. 2017. Association of floral bud and anther size with microspore developmental stage in campari tomato. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 35: 608-617. Ali, J., Nicolas, K.L.C., Akther, S., Torabi, A., Ebadi, A.A., Marfori-Nazarea, C M. and Mahender, A. 2021. Improved anther culture media for enhanced callus formation and plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plants.10: Barroso, P.A., Rego, M.M., Rego, E.R. and Soares, W.S. 2015. Embryogenesis in the anthers of different ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes. Genet. Mol. Res.14: -13363. Başay, S. and Ellialtioğlu, Ş.Ş. 2013. Effect of genotypical factors on the effectiveness of anther culture in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Turk J Biol. 37: 499-505. Bosland, P.W. and Votava, E. 2000. Peppers: Vegetable and spice capsicums. Oxford, Wallingford: Cabi. Ciner, D.Z. and Tipirdamaz, 2002. The Effects of cold treatment and charcoal on the in vitro androgenesis of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Turk J Bot. 26: 131-39. Dumas de Vaulx, R., Chambonnet, D. and Pochard, E. 1981. Culture in vitrod’anthères de piment (Capsicum annuum L.): amèlioration des tauxd’obtenction de plantes chez different génotypes par des traitments à +35ºC. Agronomie.1: 859. George, L. and Narayanaswamy, S. 1973. Haploid Capsicum through experimental androgenesis. Protoplasma.78: 467-70. Lantos, C., Ge´mesJuha´sz, A., SomogyiGy, O¨ tvo¨s K, Va´gi P, Miha´ly R, Kristo´f Z, Somogyi, N. and Pauk, J. 2009. Improvement of isolated microspore culture of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) via co-culture with ovary tissues of pepper or wheat. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult. 97: –93. Mangal, M. and Srivasatava, A. 2019. Exploitation of morphological features of bud and anther development for prediction of stages of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in pepper. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 57: 368-71. Mishra, R. and Rao, G.J.N. 2016. In-vitro androgenesis in rice: advantages, constraints and future prospects. Science Direct. Rice Science. 23: 57-68. Novak, F.J. 1974. Induction of a haploid callus in anther cultures of Capsicum sp. Z Pflanzenzenphysiol, 68 : 97. Parra Vega, V., Gonzalez Garcia,B. and SeguíSimarro, J.M. 2013. Morphological markers to correlate bud and anther development with microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Physiol. Plant. 35: 627. Seguí-Simarro, J.M., Corral-Martínez, P., ParraVega, V. and González- García, B. 2011b. Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops. Plant Cell Rep. 30: 765-778. Wang, J.J., Sun, C.S., Wang, C.C. and Chein, N. F.1973. The induction of pollen plantlets of triticale and Capsicum annuum from anther culture. SciSinica. 16: 147.
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