Biological control of Fusarium wilt of chillies using Trichoderma spp.
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Bio-control, Capsicum annuum, Fusarium wilt, Karnataka, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma.Issue
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								 Chilli wilt caused by Fusarium solani is a serious menace in black cotton soils of Karnataka. Wilt incidence of 19.8 to 31.5 and 7.5 to 12.3% was recorded in major chilli growing regions of Karnataka during 2011-12 and 2012-13 respectively. Trichoderma harzianum isolates 1, 2 and 5 and T. viride isolate 2 completely overgrew F. solani and inhibited mycelia growth by 40-50% in vitro. T. viride gave moderate effect against wilt and increased yield upto 30% in Haveri district, while at Bellary, T. harzianum isolate 1 reduced wilt incidence by 39.7%.Abstract
					
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										 Altomare, C., Norvell, T.B. and Harman,  G.E. 1999. Solubilization of phosphates and  micronutrients by the plant growth promoting and  biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai  -22. Appl. Envi. Microbiol. 65: 2926-33.  Anonymous, 2014. Hand Book on Horticulture  Statistics 2014, Govt. of India, Ministry of  Agriculture and Cooperation, New Delhi, 34 p.  Aneja, K.R. 2003. Experiments in Microbiology,  Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, New Age  International (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi.  Dennis, C. and Webster, J. 1971. Antagonistic  properties of species of Trichoderma-III. Hyphal  interactions. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 57: 363-69.  Devika, Rani, G.S., Naik, M.K., Raju, K. and  Prasad, P.S. 2007. Prevalence of wilt of chilli and  assessment of population dynamics of Fusarium  in predominant chilli (Capsicum annum) growing  regions of Karnataka. J. Soil Biol. Ecol. 27: 50-61.  Fiume, F. and Fiume, G. 2003. Use of culture  filtrates of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici in tests for  selecting tolerant varieties of tomato. J. Plant  Pathol. 85: 131-33.  Madhavi, M., Kumar, P.C., Raja Ram Reddy, D.  and Singh, T.V.K. 2006. Integrated management  of wilt of chilli incited by Fusarium solani. Indian  J. Plant Prot. 34: 225-28.  Mukhopadhyay, A.N. 1987. Biological control of  soil borne diseases of vegetable and pulses by  Trichoderma spp. Indian Phytopath. 40: 276.  Nandakumar, R., Babu, S., Viswanathan, R.,  Sheela, J., Raguchander, T. and Samiyappan,  R. 2001. A new bio-formulation containing plant  growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture for the  management of sheath blight and enhanced  grain yield in rice. Bio Control, 46: 493-510.  Nayeema, J., Trag, A.R., Wani, S.A. and Ahmed,  N. 2009. Chilli – A commercial spice of Kashmir.  In: National Workshop on Currents Trends and  Future Prospects in Production and Export of  Spice Crops with Special Reference to Chillies  held on 27-28 February, at UAS, Dharwad, pp.  -40.  Park, M.S., Jung, S.R., Lee, M.S., Kim, K.O.,  Do, J.O., Lee, K.H., Kim, S.B. and Bae, K.S.  Isolation and characterization of bacteria  associated with two sand dune plant species,  Calystegia soldanella and Elymus mollis. J.  Microbiol. 43: 219-27.  Ramanujam, B., Prasad, R.D., Sriram, S. and  Rangeswaran, R. 2010. Mass production,  formulation, quality control and delivery of  Trichoderma for plant disease management. J.  Plant Prot. Sci. 2: 1-8.  Sharma, P. 2011. Complexity of TrichodermaFusarium interaction and manifestation of biological  control. Australian J. Crop Sci. 5: 1027-38.  Singh, A.K., Singh, A.K., Srivastva, J.N. and  Sharma, A.K. 2010. Evaluation of fungicides and  cultural practice against Fusarium wilt of chilli in  intermediate hill zone of J & K. Veg. Sci. 37: 208-09.  Singh, D. 2007. Role of fungicides and biocontrol agents in the management of Fusarium  wilt of chilli. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. 37: 361-62. 
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