Utilization of banana peel for pectinase enzyme production
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Musa sp. Banana peel, pectinase production, optimization, A. nigerIssue
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								 Banana peel, a fruit waste rich in pectin and other nutrients, was utilized in the present study to produce an industrially important pectinase enzyme. Banana peel powder as a sole source of carbon has been successfully exploited to grow Aspergilus niger (MTCC 281) under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The effect of quantity of nutrients, pH, temperature, and dilution level was studied on pectinase production. Optimizing the conditions for the production of strains and enzymes is necessary to use agricultural waste and properly attain sustainability of the bioprocess. Maximum pectinase activity of 8.12U/ml was observed at 1:3 dilution levels, pH 5, and 3% of 108 spores/ml inoculums size at 40°C with 120 hrs of incubation time. The current study addresses optimizing different cultural conditions for A. niger to maximize pectinase production with cheap and readily available banana peeling waste.Abstract
					
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										 Ahmed, I., Zia, M.A., Hussain, M.A., Akram,  Z., Naveed, M.T. and Nowrouzi, A. 2016.  Bioprocessing of citrus waste peel for induced  pectinase production by Aspergillus niger; its  purification and characterization. J. Radiat. Res.  Appl. Sci. 9: 148-54.  Barman, S., Sit, N., Badwaik, L.S. and Deka,  S.C. 2015. Pectinase production by Aspergillus  niger using banana (Musa balbisiana) peel  as substrate and its effect on clarification of  banana juice. J. Food Sci. Technol. 52: 3579-  Dhillon, S.S., Gill, R.K., Gill, S.S. and Singh, M.  Studies on the utilization of citrus peel for  pectinase production using fungus Aspergillus  niger. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 61: 199-210  Iqbal, H.M.N., Asgher, M. and Bhatti, H.N. 2011.  Optimization of physical and nutritional factors  for synthesis of lignin degrading enzymes by a  novel strain of Trametes versicolor. Bioresources  : 1273-87.  Koser, S., Anwar, Z., Iqbal, Z., Anjum, A., Aqil, T.,  Mehmood, S. and Irshad, M. 2014. Utilization of  Aspergillus oryzae to produce pectin lyase from  various agro-industrial residues. J. Radiat. Res.  Appl. Sci. 7: 327-32.  Maller, A., Damasio, A.R.L., Silva, T.M., Jorge,  J.A., Terenzi, H.F. and Polizeli, M.L.T.M. 2011.  Biotechnological potential of agro-industrial  wastes as a carbon source to thermostable  polygalacturonase production in Aspergillus  niveus. Enzyme Res. 2011  Miller, G.L. 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid  reagent for determination of reducing sugar.  Anal. Chem. 31: 426-28.  Patil, S.R. and Dayanand, A. 2006. Production  of pectinase from deseeded sunflower head by  Aspergillus niger in submerged and solid-state  conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 97: 2054-58.  Reginatto, C., Rossi, C., Miglioranza, B.G., dos  Santos, M., Meneghel, L., da Silveira, M.M. and  Malvessi, E. 2017. Pectinase production by  Aspergillus niger LB-02-SF is influenced by the  culture medium composition and the addition  of the enzyme inducer after biomass growth.  Process Biochem. 58: 1-8.  Salim, D., Anwar, Z., Zafar, M., Anjum, A.,  Bhatti, K.H. and Irshad, M. 2018. Pectinolytic  cocktail: Induced yield and its exploitation for  lignocellulosic materials saccharification and fruit  juice clarification. Food Biosci. 22: 154-64.  Sethi, B. K., Nanda, P. K. and Sahoo, S. 2016.  Characterization of biotechnologically relevant  extracellular lipase produced by Aspergillus  terreus NCFT 4269.10. Braz. J. Microbiol. 47:  -49.  Thangaratham, T. and Manimegalai, G. 2014.  Optimization and production of pectinase using  agro waste by solid state and submerged  fermentation. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 3:  –65.  Tibolla, H., Pelissari, F. M., Martins, J. T.,  Vicente, A. A. and Menegalli, F.C. 2018.  Cellulose nanofibers produced from banana  peel by chemical and mechanical treatments:  characterization and cytotoxicity assessment.  Food Hydrocoll. 75: 192-201.  Zaini, H.B.M., Sintang, M.D.B. and Pindi, W. 2020.  The roles of banana peel powders to444444  alter technological functionality, sensory and  nutritional quality of chicken sausage. Food Sci.  Nutr. 8: 5497-5507. 
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