Differential response of chrysanthemums on osmolyte accumulation, chlorophyll content and growth attributes under salinity stress
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https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2023.80.2.10Keywords:
Chrysanthemum morifolium, Proline, Chlorophyll, SalinityIssue
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Chrysanthemum is moderately sensitive to salt stress, and salinity largely affects its production. The experiment was undertaken at the research farm of the Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, during the winter season. Ten chrysanthemum varieties were screened to understand their response to salt stress (150 mM NaCl) and tolerance mechanisms. Salt stress significantly affected osmolyte accumulation and physio-biochemical attributes of chrysanthemum varieties against control. Red Gold variety performed well in terms of growth and yield attributes, indicating its ability to tolerate the salt level of 150 mM NaCl. The highest leaf proline content was recorded in var. White Prolific followed by var. Tata Century. NaCl stress caused a 3/2-fold and 1/2-fold increase in the level of Na+ and K+ ions in leaf tissues of most varieties against control Shoot K+/Na+ ratio was recorded highest in variety Tata Century followed by variety Discovery. From the experiment, vars. White Prolific, Red Gold, Tata Century, and Discovery were found to be more tolerant due to better osmotic adjustments through the accumulation of proline, relative performance under salt stress for plant growth, flower yield, photosynthetic pigments and high K+/Na+ concentration to better sustain under saline condition than the susceptible varieties. PCA analysis revealed that the sum of principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 59.0% of the variations among the varieties. Plant height, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight number of branches had the highest positive loading value, i.e., ~0.7, and leaf proline content had the lowest loading value, i.e., ~0.08, indicating the strongest influence on PC1 and PC2.Abstract
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Amador, B.M., Yamada, S., Yamaguchi, T., Puente, E.R., Serrano, N.A.V., Hernandez, J.L.G., Aguilar, R.L., Dieguez, E.T. and Garibay, A .2007. Influence of calcium silicate on growth, physiological parameters and mineral nutrition in two legume species under salt stress. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 193:413-21. Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P. and Teare, I. D.1973. Rapid determination of proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39:305-7. Carvajal, M., Cerda A. and Martinez, V. 2000. Does calcium ameliorate the negative effect of NaCl on melon root water transport by regulating aquaporin activity? New Phytol. 145:439-44. Chen, F., Chen, S., Guo, W. and Ji, S. 2003. Salt tolerance identification of three species of chrysanthemums. Acta Hortic. 618:299–305. Guan,Z., Chen, S., Chen, F., Liu, Z., Fang, W. and Tang, J. 2012. Comparison of stress effect of NaCl, Na+ and Cl− on two Chrysanthemum species. Acta Hortic. 937:369–75. Jamil A., Riaz S., Ashraf M. and Foolad M.R.2011. Gene expression profiling of plants under salt stress. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 30:435–58. Kusvuran, S., Yasar, F., Ellialtioglu, S. and Abak, K. 2007. Utilizing some of screening methods in order to determine of tolerance of salt stress in the melon (Cucumis melo L.). Res. J. Agric. Bio. Sci. 3:40-45. Lee, M. and Iersel Marc, W. 2008. Sodium chloride effects on growth, morphology, and physiology of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). HortSci. 43:1888–91. Massa, D., Mattson, N.S. and Lieth, H.J. 2009. Effects of saline root environment (NaCl) on nitrate and potassium uptake kinetics for rose plants: AMassa AMichaelis–Menten modelling approach. Plant Soil. 318:101-12. Paraskevopoulou, A.T., Mollal-Halil. E., Liakopoulos G., Londra P. and Bertsouklis K. The effect of salinity on Chrysanthemum’ Amiko red’. Acta Hortic. 1298: 529–34. Parida, A. and Das, A.B. 2005. Salt Tolerance and Salinity Effects on Plants: A Review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 60:324-49. Rahi, T.S. and Singh, B. 2011. Salinity tolerance in Chrysanthemum morifolium. J. Appl. Hortic. :30–36. Savvas, D., Gizas, G., Karras, G., Lydakis- Simantiris, N. and Salahas, G.2007. Interactions between silicon and NaCl-salinity in a soilless culture of roses in greenhouse. Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. 72:73. Skriver, K. and Mundy, J. 1990. Gene expression in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Plant Cell. 2:503-512. Unnikrishnan, S. K., Prakash, L., Josekutty, P. C. and Mehta, A R.1991. Effect of NaCI salinity on somatic embryo development in Sapindus trifoliatus L. J. Exp. Bot. 42:401- 06. Yong Gao, Yi Lu, Meiqin Wu, Enxing Liang, Yan Li, Dongping Zhang, Zhitong Yin, Xiaoyun Ren, Yi Dai, Dexiang Deng and Jianmin Chen. Ability to Remove Na+ and Retain K+ Correlates with Salt Tolerance in Two Maize Inbred Lines Seedlings. Front. Plant Sci. 16: -16.
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